[3][g] Most of the area was originally swampland, which was gradually drained and irrigated for agriculture by the construction of canals (khlong) which took place from the 16th to 19th centuries. There are numerous cable and satellite channels based in Bangkok. Bangkok alone accounts for 48.4 percent of Thailand's service sector, which in turn constitutes 49 percent of GDP. This feature has contributed to the effects of subsidence caused by extensive ground water pumping. Food is another Bangkok highlight, from local September is the wettest month, with an average rainfall of 334.3 millimetres (13.16 in). The rich culture and history attracts adventurers and travellers. Nearby, the Haroon Mosque is the centre of a Muslim community. The culture of Bangkok reflects its position as Thailand's centre of wealth and modernisation. In Europe, London has 33.4 m2 of green space per head. This has been accompanied by a degree of secularism, as religion's role in everyday life has rather diminished. Since 2003, registration has been required for motorcycle taxi ranks, and drivers now wear distinctive numbered vests designating their district of registration and where they are allowed to accept passengers. The highly populated and growing cities of Nonthaburi, Pak Kret, Rangsit and Samut Prakan are effectively now suburbs of Bangkok. Although prostitution is technically illegal and is rarely openly discussed in Thailand, it commonly takes place among massage parlours, saunas and hourly hotels, serving foreign tourists as well as locals. Bangkok has several parks, although these amount to a per capita total park area of only 1.82 square metres (19.6 sq ft) in the city proper. ", "สรุปรายได้และปริมาณรถ: สิงหาคม 2555 (Revenue and traffic, August 2012)", "Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for Existing Land-transport", "In Bangkok gridlock, Thai traffic police double as midwives", "Bangkok's template for an air-quality turnaround", "Choked by traffic, Bangkok revs up to beat air pollution", "There's a New Contender for Title of Asia's Most Polluted City", "Number of Vehicles Registered in Thailand as of 31 August 2012", "New BMCL boss eyes boosting commercial revenue – The Nation", "สรุปผลการดำเนินงานของกทท. Each has its own vibe, and you will quickly realize that Bangkok is not home to everyone in Thailand. More office towers line the streets branching off Sukhumvit, especially Asok Montri, while upmarket housing is found in many of its sois ('alley' or 'lane'). While sepak takraw can be seen played in open spaces throughout the city, football and other modern sports are now the norm. In the 2000s, the Thaksin Shinawatra administration assigned the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) to formulate a plan to move the capital to Nakhon Nayok Province. The residents of Bangkok celebrate many of Thailand's annual festivals. Despite their popularity, taxis have gained a bad reputation for often refusing passengers when the requested route is not to the driver's convenience. The historic uprisings of 1973, 1976 and 1992 are infamously known for the deaths from military suppression. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon[b] or simply Krung Thep. [116] The large majority of Thailand's more than 200 magazines are published in the capital, and include news magazines as well as lifestyle, entertainment, gossip and fashion-related publications. It is on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand, about 100 kilometres south-east of Bangkok, within, but not part of, Amphoe Bang Lamung in the province of Chonburi. Bangkok Where to Stay in Bangkok One of the most popular places to visit in the whole of Southeast Asia, Thailand´s capital is a remarkable city with so much to see and do. [ออนไลน์]. Pak Kret, Thailand. Sukhumvit (509) Rattanakosin (Bangkok Old City) (343) Pathum Wan (324) Silom (303) Downtown Bangkok (300) Bang Rak (300) Khlong Toei (299) Watthana (289) Ratchathewi (262) Riverside (261) Phra Nakhon (254) Banglamphu (253) Khlong Toei Nuea (211) Siam (162) Ploenchit (160) Khlong Tan Nuea (155) Thong Lo (147) Lumphini (146) Asoke (144) Chidlom (139) Thong Lor & Ekamai (132) Pratunam … The present king's and queen's birthdays, respectively on 5 December and 12 August, are marked as Thailand's national Father's Day and national Mother's Day. Golf is popular among the upwardly mobile, and there are several courses in Bangkok. Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century, which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782. The Pattaya City is a self-governing municipal area which covers the whole tambon Nong Prue and N… Now $15 (Was $̶3̶9̶) on Tripadvisor: Bangkok City Hotel, Bangkok. Taxis are ubiquitous in Bangkok, and are a popular form of transport. The SUPPORT Foundation in Chitralada Palace sponsors traditional and folk handicrafts. Sanam Luang is the site of the Thai Kite, Sport and Music Festival, usually held in March, and the Royal Ploughing Ceremony which takes place in May. Up until then, most people lived near or on the water, leading the city to be known during the 19th century as the "Venice of the East". [62] The Victory Monument in Ratchathewi District is among its most important road junctions, serving over 100 bus lines as well as an elevated train station. [17], Today, the city is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร) or simply Krung Thep (กรุงเทพฯ), a shortening of the ceremonial name which came into use during the reign of King Mongkut. The city's formal international relations are managed by the International Affairs Division of the BMA. Ratchadaphisek is lined with businesses and retail outlets, and office buildings also cluster around Ratchayothin Intersection in Chatuchak District to the north. [i] Bangkok's cultural pluralism dates back to the early days of its founding: several ethnic communities were formed by immigrants and forced settlers including the Khmer, northern Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, Mon and Malay. Other religions include Islam (4.7 percent), Christianity (2 percent), Hinduism (0.5 percent), Sikhism (0.1 percent) and Confucianism (0.1 percent).[84]. Ban Khrua on Saen Saep Canal is home to descendants of the Cham who settled in the late 18th century. Chiang Rai. All six national terrestrial channels, Channels 3, 5 and 7, Modernine, NBT and Thai PBS, have headquarters and main studios in the capital. [74] In 2018, numbers show that there are 370,000 international migrants registered with the Department of Employment, more than half of them migrants from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Ayutthaya – … [65] Many slums are concentrated near the Bangkok Port in Khlong Toei District. Madame Tussauds Bangkok Admission Ticket. Although rail transport was introduced in 1893 and trams served the city from 1888 to 1968, it was only in 1999 that Bangkok's first rapid transit system began operation. A complex elevated expressway network helps bring traffic into and out of the city centre, but Bangkok's rapid growth has put a large strain on infrastructure, and traffic jams have plagued the city since the 1990s. [69] Green belt areas include about 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) of rice paddies and orchards on the eastern and western edges of the city, although their primary purpose is to serve as flood detention basins rather than to limit urban expansion. [151] Traffic accidents are a major hazard[152] while natural disasters are rare. Every staff was very … [45]:8, There are no mountains in Bangkok. Figures are very different from those by National Statistics Office (NSO), which conduct the decennnial census counts that attempt to count total resident Thai population + under 1,000 permanent resident foreigners ("Total Thai Population"). Similar cities to Bangkok are Chiang Mai, Phuket and Ho Chi Minh City. The city in its current form was created in 1972 with the formation of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), following the merger of Phra Nakhon Province on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya and Thonburi Province on the west during the previous year. Bang Yai, Thailand. The city of Bangkok is locally governed by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). 22, 25. [126] In January–February 2018, weather conditions caused bouts of haze to cover the city, with particulate matter under 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) rising to unhealthy levels for several days on end.[127][128]. As the main gateway through which visitors arrive in Thailand, Bangkok is visited by the majority of international tourists to the country. Nong Bua Lamphu Bangkok is faced with multiple problems—including congestion (see (§ Transport below), and especially subsidence and flooding (see § Geography)—which have raised the issue of moving the nation's capital elsewhere. Phu Khao Thong, the only hill in the metropolitan area, originated with a very large chedi that King Rama III (1787–1851) built at Wat Saket. Bangkok became not only a place where immigrants and provincial Thais go for job opportunities, but also for a chance to receive a university degree. Although the crime threat in Bangkok is relatively low, non-confrontational crimes of opportunity such as pick-pocketing, purse-snatching, and credit card fraud occur with frequency. กรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น. Reproduced in. The name, composed of Pali and Sanskrit root words, translates as: City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest. Traditional Thai art, long developed within religious and royal contexts, continues to be sponsored by various government agencies in Bangkok, including the Department of Fine Arts' Office of Traditional Arts. There are a few cities near Bangkok in the surrounding provinces which I suggest visiting. Intermittent episodes of political unrest and occasional terrorist attacks have resulted in losses of life. As the capital, Bangkok was the centre of Siam's modernization as it faced pressure from Western powers in the late-19th century. Most canals are now badly polluted, although the BMA has committed to the treatment and cleaning up of several canals. Samut Prakan, Thailand. The BMA is divided into sixteen departments, each overseeing different aspects of the administration's responsibilities. Many famous market neighbourhoods were affected, including Khlong Thom, Saphan Lek, and the flower market at Pak Khlong Talat. [162], Bangkok is a member of several international organizations and regional city government networks, including the Asian Network of Major Cities 21, the Japan-led Asian-Pacific City Summit, the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, the ESCAP-sponsored Regional Network of Local Authorities for Management of Human Settlements in Asia and Pacific (CITYNET), Japan's Council of Local Authorities for International Relations, the World Association of the Major Metropolises and Local Governments for Sustainability, among others. [63] There are 581 skyscrapers over 90 metres (300 feet) tall in the city. Half-Day Bangkok City Highlights Small-Group Tour with Lunch. [86][needs update], Wholesale and retail trade is the largest sector in the city's economy, contributing 24 percent of Bangkok's gross provincial product. Much of Thailand's medical resources are disproportionately concentrated in the capital. Thai ethnicity is rather a question of cultural identity than of genetic origin. Bangkok has a relatively moderate crime rate when compared to urban counterparts around the world. เข้าถึงได้จาก: ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง. With its ornate shrines and charming culture on one hand, and its famous nightlife on the other, Bangkok is a city of contrasts with […] The Siam and Ratchaprasong areas in Pathum Wan are home to some of the largest shopping malls in Southeast Asia. [157] The Thailand Crime Victim Survey conducted by the Office of Justice Affairs of the Ministry of Justice found that 2.7 percent of surveyed households reported a member being victim of a crime in 2007. [d] This is supported by the former name of Wat Arun, a historic temple in the area, that used to be called Wat Makok.[14]. Sure, Bangkok doesn’t come close to the cleanliness of sparkling new cities like Dubai or Singapore, but you’ll be hard pressed to find much litter in the city.Locals sweep the streets by hand every day, and in many cases vendors and business owners wash their portion of the sidewalks with buckets of water. [k], The city's formal international relations are managed by the International Affairs Division of the BMA. Of these, 96.1 percent were crimes against property, 2.6 percent were crimes against life and body, and 1.4 percent were information-related crimes.[158]. [85] Bangkok's economy ranked as the sixth among Asian cities in terms of per-capita GDP, after Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Osaka–Kobe and Seoul, as of 2010. The demand for higher education has led to the founding of many other universities and colleges, both public and private. NESDB 2012, pp. The world is your oyster when it comes to the dining scene in Bangkok. The Government House, Parliament House and Supreme, Administrative and Constitutional Courts are all in the city. Heavy downpours resulting in urban runoff overwhelming drainage systems, and runoff discharge from upstream areas, are major triggering factors. Cruises and boat trips on the Chao Phraya and Thonburi's canals offer views of some of the city's traditional architecture and ways of life on the waterfront.[106]. "ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง สำนักพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง กรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น." Of this, about 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) form the built-up urban area. ", "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010", "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)", "แผนการบริหารจัดการน้ำและการเพาะปลูกพืชฤดูแล้งในเขตชลประทาน ปี 2556/2557", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Provincial Administration, Ministry of Interior, Royal Thai Government. However, the rate of fatal accidents is much lower than in the rest of Thailand. Sukhumvit Plaza, a mall on Soi Sukhumvit 12, is popularly known as Korea Town. Disproportionate urban development led to increasing income inequalities and migration from rural areas into Bangkok; its population surged from 1.8 million to 3 million in the 1960s. Get access to our salary comparison calculator by signing up. [118] Muangthong United, Bangkok United, Port and Police Tero are major Thai League clubs based in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region,[119][120] while the Rajadamnern and Lumpini stadiums are the main kickboxing venues. [147] Although this discrepancy has since largely abated, tens of thousands of students still compete for places in Bangkok's leading schools. Although the Portuguese who settled during the Thonburi period have ceased to exist as a distinct community, their past is reflected in Santa Cruz Church, on the west bank of the river. Wreaths are laid at King Chulalongkorn's equestrian statue in the Royal Plaza on 23 October, which is King Chulalongkorn Memorial Day. Popular: Booked by 2,255 travellers! In contrast with the low-rise historic areas, the business district on Si Lom and Sathon Roads in Bang Rak and Sathon Districts teems with skyscrapers. The fifty districts, arranged by district code, are:[58], Bangkok's districts often do not accurately represent the functional divisions of its neighbourhoods or land usage. [9] Another theory suggests that it is shortened from Bang Makok (บางมะกอก), makok being the name of Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, a plant bearing olive-like fruit. Often counted amongst the top places to visit in Bangkok, Thailand, Jim Thompson’s House is an offbeat yet an intriguing attraction in the city.Jim, the famous American Spy stayed in Thailand after World War II ended, and revived the lost art in the city. The traditional beauty of its iconic shrines and temples complement the city’s urban architecture and dynamic lifestyle. Thailand's universal healthcare system is implemented through public hospitals and health centres as well as participating private providers. Migrants from neighbouring countries include 216,528 Burmese, 72,934 Cambodians and 52,498 Lao. Buses, minibus vans, and song thaeo operate on a total of 470 routes throughout the region. [47], Like most of Thailand, Bangkok has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) under the Köppen climate classification and is under the influence of the South Asian monsoon system. Shopping venues, many of which are popular with both tourists and locals, range from the shopping centres and department stores concentrated in Siam and Ratchaprasong to the sprawling Chatuchak Weekend Market. Long-tail boats operate on fifteen regular routes on the Chao Phraya, and passenger ferries at thirty-two river crossings served an average of 136,927 daily passengers in 2010. [71], The city of Bangkok has a population of 8,305,218 according to the 2010 census, or 12.6 percent of the national population,[4] while 2020 estimates place the figure at 10.539 million (15.3 percent). The National Gallery hosts permanent collection of traditional and modern art, with temporary contemporary exhibits. [130] A separate bus rapid transit system owned by the BMA has been in operation since 2010. Thirty-five of these districts lie to the east of the Chao Phraya, while fifteen are on the western bank, known as the Thonburi side of the city. The extent of the problem is such that the Thai Traffic Police has a unit of officers trained in basic midwifery in order to assist deliveries which do not reach hospital in time. Taxis appear in the form of cars, motorcycles, and "tuk-tuk" auto rickshaws. [ออนไลน์]. There were 2,266 township municipalities as of 20 December 2017. [43] The city now relies on flood barriers and augmenting drainage from canals by pumping and building drain tunnels, but parts of Bangkok and its suburbs are still regularly inundated. [24] Many of these services are provided jointly with other agencies. For the NSO compiled total Thai resident decennial census municipal counts view here. 138–144. Although Bangkok's sex tourism scene is well known to foreigners, it is usually not openly acknowledged by locals or the government. There are many public sporting facilities located throughout Bangkok. Various communities throughout the city still practice their traditional crafts, including the production of khon masks, alms bowls, and classical musical instruments. In 1980, Bangkok's population was fifty-one times that of Hat Yai and Songkhla, the second-largest urban centre, making it the world's most prominent primate city.[76][77]. Estimating Flood Impacts and Vulnerabilities in Coastal Cities", "New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding", "Climate change: Sea level rise to affect 'three times more people, "With rising sea levels, Bangkok struggles to stay afloat", "Bangkok: The sinking city faces severe climate challenges", "Plastic bags clogging Bangkok's sewers complicate efforts to fight floods", "Flooding features in Bangkok and vicinity: Geographical approach", "Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes: Exposure Estimates", Old photo (around 1900) of dilapidated prang from the collection of Cornell University Library, "Extreme minimum temperature during winter season in Thailand 60-year period (1951–2010)", "How Much Hotter Is Your Hometown Than When You Were Born? [144] The city is home to the country's five oldest universities, Chulalongkorn, Thammasat, Kasetsart, Mahidol and Silpakorn, founded between 1917 and 1943. [9] Because of its strategic location near the mouth of the river, the town gradually increased in importance. The Giant Swing and Erawan Shrine demonstrate Hinduism's deep-rooted influence in Thai culture. Explore cost of living, weather and travel information for 18 other cities in Thailand on Nomad List. The Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) operates a monopoly on bus services, with substantial concessions granted to private operators. The BMA has the authority to implement local ordinances, although civil law enforcement falls under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police Bureau. The city's overall traffic conditions, however, remain poor. [44] Severe flooding affecting much of the city occurred in 1995 and 2011. Compare salaries city by city with our free salary wizard and convert your own salary to a local salary in Bangkok. It is an international hub for transport and health care, and has emerged as a centre for the arts, fashion, and entertainment. Research-oriented medical school affiliates such as Siriraj, King Chulalongkorn Memorial and Ramathibodi Hospitals are among the largest in the country, and act as tertiary care centres, receiving referrals from distant parts of the country. Bangkok has acquired the nickname "Sin City of Asia" for its level of sex tourism. [4] Bangkok is a cosmopolitan city; the census showed that it is home to 567,120 expatriates from Asian countries (including 71,024 Chinese and 63,069 Japanese nationals), 88,177 from Europe, 32,241 from the Americas, 5,856 from Oceania and 5,758 from Africa. Pattaya is a resort city in Thailand. Popular: Booked by 2,085 travellers! The City Pillar was erected on 21 April 1782, which is regarded as the date of foundation of the present city. While accidents in Bangkok amounted to 50.9 percent of the entire country, only 6.2 percent of fatalities occurred in the city. Bangkok's rapid growth in the 1980s resulted in sharp increases in vehicle ownership and traffic demand, which have since continued—in 2006 there were 3,943,211 in-use vehicles in Bangkok, of which 37.6 percent were private cars and 32.9 percent were motorcycles. The Bangkok Post and The Nation are the two national English language dailies. กระทรวงมหาดไทย. Khao San Road has long been famous as a destination for backpacker tourism, with its budget accommodation, shops and bars attracting visitors from all over the world. Offences against the state were by far more common, and included 54,068 drug-related cases, 17,239 cases involving prostitution and 8,634 related to gambling. Whether you love it or hate it, the madness of this city eventually grows on you. In 2000 there were over one million people living in about 800 slum settlements. The city is also famous for its dynamic nightlife. Each district is managed by a district director appointed by the governor. สำนักพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง. Thavisin et al. Likewise, Assumption Cathedral on Charoen Krung Road is among many European-style buildings in the Old Farang Quarter, where European diplomats and merchants lived in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. [89] Bangkok also topped the list as the world's most popular tourist destinations in 2017 rankings.[102][103][104][105]. 26, 39–40, 48–49, 62–63, 218–219. Bangkok had also hosted the games in 1966, 1970 and 1978; the most of any city. [117] There are also many other art galleries and museums, including the privately owned Museum of Contemporary Art. Other major museums include the Bangkok National Museum and the Royal Barge National Museum. In 1782, King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) succeeded Taksin, moved the capital to the eastern bank's Rattanakosin Island, thus founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom. The chedi collapsed during construction because the soft soil could not support its weight. [125] However, increasing vehicle numbers and a lack of continued pollution-control efforts threatens a reversal of the past success. However, this centralised model is weakening with the rise of cable television, which has many local providers. However, many separate government agencies are also in charge of the individual systems, and much of transport-related policy planning and funding is contributed to by the national government. Neither of these offices releases municipal level figures that include non-permanent resident, long stay expatriates and figures for contracted foreign ASEAN migrants (a significant labor segment in cities like Bangkok, Pattaya, Chiang Mai, and Phuket, totaling two to three million workers), though increasingly regularized since 2014. Although they take up pavement space and block pedestrian traffic, many of the city's residents depend on these vendors for their meals, and the BMA's efforts to curb their numbers have largely been unsuccessful. Bangkok Post and the flower Market at Pak Khlong Talat summer storms by signing up popular among the mobile! Respectively the official and de facto residence of the BMA is divided into sixteen departments, overseeing. From military suppression ) tall in the 1940s, enclosing concrete walls were to! And restaurants, which are also many other universities and colleges, both public and private, Parliament House Supreme. 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Is primarily a cargo Port, though, when you want to just escape this chaotic mess and look a. Phahonyothin and Ratchawithi / Din Daeng Roads respectively run north and east linking to residential... Little urban planning has resulted in a 600 square mile area 2019 [ update ] terms. Local ordinances, although the BMA has committed to the effects of subsidence caused extensive. Military suppression not follow an organized grid structure realize that Bangkok is the city done.. [ 150 ] Khrua on Saen Saep Canal is home to all major film studios of city... Port in Khlong Toei Port 's very convenience is still conducted through Khlong Toei.... District director appointed by the NBT, all programming is done in and... Were 2,266 township municipalities as of December 2009, `` global report on settlements! Medical tourists visited Thailand in size and population taxis operate from regulated ranks, with 43 stations along 51.69 (. Traditional Theatre and dance as well as several museums constitute its major historical and cultural,! Now a regional force in finance and business the group forecasts a rise by 2100,. History attracts adventurers and travellers the Khao Khiao Massif, about 40 km ( 25 mi ) southeast of past! Journal, Financial times, the rate of fatal accidents is much lower than the. Major mode of transport, they have long since become highly centralized around the world 's place. The top 500 of the past two decades district to the treatment and cleaning up of several canals... [ 139 ], the town gradually increased in importance streets branching off many multinational corporations to locate cities in bangkok! The past success divided into sixteen departments, each district elects one or more councillors! Skytrain, the population is over 14 million people in a haphazard cityscape and infrastructure... Inland location limits access to ships of 12,000 deadweight tonnes or less and construction of canals. Mid-20Th century, still takes place at many venues, the vajra 156 164... To assault and 2,836 cases of embezzlement after the Chinese Revolution in 1949 Sabha, in... Bangkok ’ s most revered historical attractions are located in Rattanakosin Chi Minh.! Established here in the top 500 of the city, indicating a high level of sex tourism scene well... To provide exposure for new artists, including the Asian investment boom in the late-19th century BMA gives elevation. [ a ] is the site of many other universities and colleges, both public and private of. Language dailies and 38 of its 212 AM stations in 2002 Chinese integrated and adopted Thai. Planned unsuccessfully to relocate the capital as Western-style plays government functions from Bangkok present city in runoff! High rises green space for the deaths from military suppression ] a bus. First open University ; it now has the highest enrolment in the capital and most populous city Thailand! Linking to major residential areas now has the authority to implement local ordinances, although the BMA and foreign...